INTRODUCTION: past THE HEADLINES The catastrophe in Mali is routinely minimized to headlines about coups, terrorism, and ethnic conflict. But as Pan-Africanist scholar Prof. PLO Lumumba argues, this framing misses the https://geraldxmpx339481.pointblog.net/when-coups-fulfill-geopolitics-understanding-mali-s-multi-layered-disaster-in-2026-93008734